Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Alfonso VII (1126-1157). Dinar. 545 AH. Bayassa, Baeza. (Bautista-43). (MMM-A7:91.3). (Vives-1995). Anv.: Central legend: الله /لا اله الا/ محمد رسول الله/ الله ولي الدين/ امنوا - Allah/ There is no God but/ Muhammad (is) the sent one of Allah/ Allah protects (those who) / believe. Outside legend: و من يبتغ غير الاسلام دينا فلن يقبل منه و هو في الاخرة من الخاسرين - And whoever seeks another religion outside of Islam will not be received by him, and (will be) in the next (life) among the unfortunate.. Rev.: Central legend: الامام/ عبد/ الله/ امير المومنين / العباسي - The Imam/ ´Abd / Allah/ Emir of the believers/ The ´Abbasi. Outside legend: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدينار ببياسة عيار قشتلية عام خمسة و اربعين و خمسمائة - In the name of Allah this dinar was minted in Bayassa with the law and mark of Castile in the year five and forty-five hundred. Au. 3,81 g.

The first gold coins struck by Castile were the dinars of Alfonso VII in Baeza, which was captured by the King during one of his expeditions south towards the conquest of Almería.

This city remained under Christian control only between 1147 and 1157. The brief duration of its rule means that its mintings are extremely scarce, spanning only from the years 545H (1149) to 548H (1153/4). Choice VF. Est...4000,00.

Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Alfonso VII (1126-1157). Dinero. Leon. (Bautista-Unlisted). (MMM-Unlisted). Anv.: + ·I·M·P·E·R·A· . Cross between A (without a crossbar) and N. The horizontal crossbars of the letters "M" and "A" are pellets. Rev.: + o LEONIS. Lion protome facing forward, looking slightly to the left. The N has two horizontal crossbars, both decorated with two pellets. Bi. 0,75 g.

The specimen offered here displays several legend varieties on both the obverse and reverse, not recorded in the reference catalogues consulted, allowing it to be regarded as an unpublished piece.

* Updated in the website reference MMM as A7:72.7(50) after the disclosure of the auction, which until that moment was unknown to the author.

In addition to its notable rarity, it is preserved in exceptional condition for the type, even retaining slight traces of original luster on the reverse. A piece of great numismatic interest that will undoubtedly captivate specialists in this period. XF. Est...3000,00.

Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Fernando II (1157-1188). Dinero. Leon. (Bautista-172 var. crescent). (MMM-F2:25.3). Anv.: FERNAND´REX. Bust of the crowned king facing right. Rev.: ISPA-NIA. Cross potent with Alpha and Omega pendants, crescent above the right arm of the cross. Bi. 0,74 g.

Extremely rare specimen. Very few examples are known, and this is probably the best preserved. VF. Est...2500,00.

Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Fernando II (1157-1188). Dinero. Uncertain mint ¿Oviedo or Leon?. (Bautista-196). (Imperatrix-F2:4.3). (Momeca-19.6A.2). Anv.: FERNAND . Rev.: REX LEO. Bi. 0,88 g.

Roundel before the R of REX. Extremely rare. Only 2 others specimens known. Nice patina.

This is a great opportunity to acquire a specimen that we will seldom be offered at auction again. Choice VF. Est...7000,00.

Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Alfonso VIII (1158-1214). Morabetino. 1229 Safar (1191 AD). Madinat Tulaytula (Toledo, مدينة طليطلة). (Bautista-262.6). (MMM-A8:25.9). (Vives-2028). Anv.: Outside legend: سا لما - In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, one God. Anyone who believes and is baptized will be safe.
Central legend: + امام البيعة / المسيحية بابة رمة / ALF - + Imam of the Christian church, the Pope / ALF. Rev.: Outside legend: الصفر - This dinar was minted in Madinat Tulaytula in the year nine twenty two hundred and one thousand of Safar (1229).
Central legend: امير /القتولقين/ الفونش بن شنجة/ ايده الله/ و نصره - Emir / of the Catholics / Alfonso son of Sancho / may God protect him and grant victory. Au. 3,85 g.

Beautiful color. Rare. Sabbed by NGC as UNC Details, Cleaned.


This same specimen is reproduced in the work by León Hernández-Canut, "Cinco siglos de acuñaciones medievales en Castilla" Catalogue of the International Numismatic Exhibition of Vicenza, Italy, Accademia Italiana di Studi Numismatici, October 2004.


Ex León Hernández-Canut Collection; Cayón (20/03/2020), lot 144 (incorrectly cataloged);
Ex Isabel de Trastámara Collection, Vol. I; Áureo&Calicó 376 (17/11/2021), lot 254. Est...6000,00.

Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Pedro I (1350-1368). Dobla of 35 maravedis. Sevilla. Mark oP between the lion’s legs. (Bautista-517.2). (Imperatrix-P1:2.22). Anv.: + PETRVS ✿ DEI ✿ GRACIA ✿ REX ✿ CASTELLE. Rev.: + PETRVS ✿ DEI ✿ GRACIA ✿ REX ✿ LEGIONIS:. Au. 4,45 g.

According to documents studied by Pío Beltrán, the P mark would refer to the mintmaster named Pelegrín del Serro (1365-66).

Rosettes separating the legends. All reliefs very well detailed. Attractive color. Very rare, especially in this grade. AU. Est...8000,00.

Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Juan II (1406-1454). Dobla de la Banda. Sevilla. (Bautista-791). Anv.: + IOHANES ✿ DEI ✿ GRACIA ✿ REX ✿ LEGIO. Rev.: + IOHANES ✿ DEI ✿ GRACIA ✿ REX ✿ CASTE. Au. 4,57 g.

S at top of reverse cross. Legends separated by rosettes. Large flan. Nice specimen.

Slabbed by NGC as AU 58.

Ex Tauler&Fau (28/10/2024), lot 271. Est...2500,00.

Kingdom of Castille and Leon. Enrique IV (1454-1474). Enrique "de la silla baja". Sevilla. (Bautista-834). (Imperatrix-E4:3.50). Anv.: + ENRICVS QVARTVS DEI GRACIA REX. Rev.: + ENRICVS REX CASTELLE ET LEGION. Au.

Mintmark S above the quartered shield. Circular frames on obverse and reverse. Legends separated by rosettes. Beautiful color and original luster. Very rare, especially in this grade.

Slabbed by PCGS as MS 63 (Top Pop), the finest known in the PCGS census. Est...15000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 1/2 real. Sevilla. Special issue struck for Santo Domingo. (Cal-272 var). (López de la Fuente-E8.1). Anv.: + FERNANDVS : ELISABET: . Rev.: + : (R)EX : ET : REGINA : CASTELE : LE. Ag. 1,41 g.

Mintmark S below crosses of dots, flanking the crowned F on the obverse. Latin legends, with inverted “L” letters in the reverse legend. Very broad and slightly clipped flan, barely affecting the design.

Extremely rare type, highly sought after for having been struck exclusively for importation to and use in the New World, specifically Santo Domingo according to some authors.

This variety, unlisted in the standard references, has appeared very few times in the last 20 years; the most recent was auctioned by Daniel F. Sedwick in November 2023.

We are confident this specimen will attract the attention of collectors of this period. Choice VF. Est...3000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 1 real. Segovia. P. (Cal-381). Anv.: FERNANDVS · ET · hELISABET · D:. Rev.: REX · ET · REGINA · CAST · LEGIO · ARAGO:. Ag. 2,86 g.

“P” countermark attributed to Panama, deep and very well struck on the reverse. Surface oxidation and slightly clipped flan, but with complete legends. Very rare, especially on a Segovia mint. Choice F/VF. Est...1000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 1 real. Toledo. M. (Cal-468). Anv.: FERNANDVS · ET · ELISAB. Rev.: + REX (ET) · REGINA · CAST · LEGI · ARAG. Ag. 3,22 g.

“P” countermark attributed to Panama, deep and very well struck on obverse. Very rare. Choice VF. Est...2000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 2 reales. Sevilla. Eight-pointed star on reverse. (Cal-516 var). Ag. 5,58 g. Magnificent “P” countermark attributed to Panama, very deep and clear, slightly cracking the flan. Dark patina. Extremely rare.

Usually applied to 1 real coins, this is the only specimen we have found on a 2 reales from Catholic King's. We are confident it will attract considerable attention among collectors of this period. VF/Choice VF. Est...3000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 4 reales. Sevilla. (Cal-561). Anv.: FERNANDVS : ET · ELISABET · D:. Rev.: + REX · ET REGINA · CAST · LEGION · ARAG. Ag. 13,68 g. Shield between S-IIII. Eight-pointed star on reverse, to the left of the yoke. Large and very round flan. Soft toning with light bluish hues and traces of original luster. Minor flan crack. Scarce in this grade. Slabbed by NGC as AU 55. Est...3000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 1/2 excelente. Sevilla. (Cal-629). Anv.: · FERNANDVS : ET : hELISABET : D ·. Rev.: : REX : ET : REGINA : CAST : LEGIO ·:. Au. 1,73 g. The ornaments on the initials are fleurs-de-lis. F between S-S surrounded by dots, Y between stars surrounded by dots. Slightly warped. Very rare.

The 1/2 excelente is the smallest gold denomination of the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella.

A similar specimen from the Archer M. Huntington Collection was auctioned by Jesús Vico in 2012, lot 466 (HSA-25602). VF. Est...1500,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 1 excelente. Sevilla. (Cal-661). Anv.: + QVOS : DEVS : CONIVNGIT : hOMO : NON : SE :. Rev.: : FERNANDVS :ET : hELISABE :·. Au. 3,51 g. Shield flanked by S/*-S/*. Without the titles REX or REGINA.

Very sharp and clear, a lovely example with original luster. Portraits especially well defined. Nice color. Wavy flan, as can be usual for this issue. Very rare in this condition.

Slabbed by NGC as UNC Details, Bent. Est...5000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). 1 castellano. Segovia. (Bautista-1763). (Cal-599). Anv.: + QVOSDEVS ✿ CONIVIGIT ✿ OMONONSED. Busts of the crowned monarchs facing each other. Rev.: FERNANDVS ✿ ET ✿ hELISABET (The letters V and h are rectified over similar ones.) The shield is decorated with a royal crown, smaller than the usual ones that normally fit the shield's frame; it has a rounded base, displaying the inner fabric of the cap. At the bottom, a two-tiered aqueduct with four arches can be seen. Au.

Very few examples of this piece are known, and only three have appeared at auction in the last two decades.

None of them corresponds to the type offered here, struck from the same die as the specimen referenced by Bautista 763 and Calicó 599.

Given its extraordinary rarity and importance within this period, we are confident it will attract strong interest among specialist collectors.

Extremely rare.

Slabbed by NGC as AU Details, Damaged. The only example certified by NGC and, therefore, the finest recorded by that grading service. Est...12000,00.

Catholic Kings (1474-1504). Double excelente. Granada. (Cal-707). (Bautista-1344). Anv.: + FERNANDVS : ET hELISABET : D : E : R. Rev.: · SVB : VNBRA : ALARVM : TVAR. Au. 6,93 g. Shield between G and cruciform ornament. Nice color and traces of original luster. Slight weakness in the obverse legend and on the left wing of the eagle of Saint John. Legends complete, the obverse legend being particularly interesting. Rare, especially in this condition. XF. Est...5000,00.

Charles-Joanna (1504-1555). 1 real. ND (1548-1556). Mexico. L. (Cal-72). Ag. 3,40 g. Sharp and very round strike, with complete legends. Scarce in this grade.

Slabbed by NGC as AU 55. Est...500,00.

Charles-Joanna (1504-1555). 1 escudo. ND (ca. 1550). Sevilla. (Cal-199). (Tauler-22b var). Au. 3,28 g. Shield between "square d" and S. Full legend on obverse. The legend ends in ...CILI on reverse. Roundels in the corners of the lobed frame. Nice and scarce in this condition.

Slabbed by NGC as MS 61.

Ex Tauler&Fau (27/02/2024), lot 102. Est...3000,00.

Charles I (1516-1556). 3 reales. ND. Barcelona. (Cal-29 var.). Anv.: CAROLVS ◦ V ◦ / IMPERATO ◦ . Rev.: (Castle) HISPANIARVM ◦ ET ◦ VTRIVSQ3 ◦ SICILIE ◦ R ◦ . Cross terminated by imperial crowns. Ag. 7,68 g.

Struck for the expedition to Tunisia. Extremely rare. Choice VF. Est...2500,00.

Charles I (1516-1556). 1 escudo. ND (1535). Barcelona. (Cal-122). Anv.: CA / ROLVS · V / IMPERAT / OR. Rev.: + HISPANIARVM · ET · VTRIVSQ3 · SICILE · REX. Cross terminated by imperial crowns, K in the 1st and 4th quarters. Au. 3,32 g.

Struck for the expedition to Tunisia. An excellent specimen of this issue. The struck is strong and crisp despite slight double strike on the obverse. Rare, especially in this condition.

On the occasion of the great expedition against Tunis, Emperor Charles V ordered, by Royal Decree issued in Barcelona on 30 May 1535, the striking of a specific monetary issue intended to finance the campaign “for the attack upon and expulsion of the Turks and Moors, enemies of our Holy Catholic Faith, in which I shall personally take part.”


For this purpose, gold and silver were sent from the Casa de la Contratación de las Indias in Seville to Barcelona, where the coins were struck in a house on Carrer de Basea by officials from several mints, including Seville, Toledo and Burgos.


The gold pieces were struck at a fineness of 22 carats and at a rate of 68 pieces to the Castilian mark. The obverse bore the Emperor’s full arms beneath the imperial eagle, with the legend CA / ROLVS · V / IMPERAT / OR; the reverse displayed a cross with imperial crowns, the letter K in the first and fourth quarters, and the legend + HISPANIARVM · ET · VTRIVSQ3 · SICILE · REX. These coins were designated “imperial escudos” and assigned a value of twelve silver reales.


The participation of officials from different mints explains the numerous die varieties known within the issue. Despite its historical and numismatic importance, this coinage met with limited acceptance, especially in Barcelona, where it appears to have circulated only sparingly, being regarded as of lower fineness than the coinage previously in use. XF. Est...2500,00.

Charles I (1516-1556). 2 tari. 1549. Messina. M-A. (Tauler-174). (Vti-182). (Mir-292/10). Ag. Nice patina. Rare.

Slabbed by PCGS as VF 35 (Top Pop), the finest known in the PCGS census.

Ex David Sterling Collection. Est...350,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 1/2 real. ND. Lima. X (Xines Martínez). (Cal-Unlisted). (Sellschopp-PM1 #37). Ag. 1,23 g. P to the left of the royal monogram and X below, the latter partially visible though clearly identifiable. Early Lima issue, connected with the complex initial period of the mint and the use, reuse, and adaptation of dies associated with the first assayers. Short flan, but with a well-defined strike. Much rarer than the PR and PM varieties described by Sellschopp. Extremely rare.


The X, attributed to Xines Martínez, places this specimen within the earliest Lima coinage and is especially significant for the attribution of the piece. According to Sellschopp, within this “PM1” group, the PR and PM varieties are already considered very rare; however, the PX variety, as represented by the present specimen, is even more exceptional and must be regarded as one of the greatest rarities of the series. Choice VF. Est...500,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 1 real. (1591). Madrid. C. (Cal-216). (Jarabo-Sanahuja-A218). Ag. 2,25 g. Full data, with date and legends absent due to clipping. Variety with dot above the denomination to the right of the shield. Soft toning. Extremely rare, only three other specimens are known.

Slabbed by NGC as Clipped.

One of the most significant administrative reforms of Philip II’s reign was the definitive establishment of the Court in Madrid, a city which, at that time, lacked a permanent mint. It is within this exceptional context that the Madrid coinage of 1591 must be understood: a short-lived experimental issue produced in the former houses of Jacome Trezzo by means of the so-called Ingenio de la Tijera, a mechanical process devised by Miguel de la Cerda with the aim of obtaining more regular flans and a superior quality of strike.

Unlike the hydraulic technology employed at the Royal Mint of Segovia, these Madrid trials relied on silver and technical personnel transferred from Toledo, resulting in a very limited series of coins bearing the M mintmark and the C assayer’s initial, attributed to Melchor Rodríguez del Castillo.

Although the date is no longer visible on the present specimen, its fabric, typology, mintmark and assayer’s mark allow its attribution to this remarkable Madrid issue of 1591, one of the most noteworthy episodes in the technological development of Spanish coinage in the late sixteenth century. Choice VF. Est...1500,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 1 real. ND (1582-1583). Panama. (Proctor-1R.5B). (Cal-236). Ag. 3,34 g. Shield flanked by oB to the left, with the AP mintmark positioned above the denomination I to the right. A remarkably well-struck specimen for a series renowned for its notably crude strike; both the shield and cross are complete, and portions of the legend remain legible.

A piece that will undoubtedly appeal to collectors of this period and represents an exceptional opportunity to acquire a type that rarely appears on the market. Extremely rare.

Slabbed by NGC as XF Details, Environmental Damage. Only three examples are recorded in the NGC census.

In 1579, Philip II authorized the minting of silver coinage in the city of Panama, establishing standards for its composition and design, including the use of the PA mintmark with the superimposed A.

Although documentation concerning this mint surfaced in 1952, its existence remained virtually unrecognized by the numismatic community for decades.

Recent research by J. Proctor has confirmed that the mint operated between 1580 and 1583, and that the cob issues featuring a crowned shield and the A over P mintmark indeed correspond to its output.

These emissions are of extraordinary rarity, with very few specimens known across all varieties. The identity of the assayers is not definitively documented, although it has been suggested that Bernardino Rodríguez may have served in this capacity between 1582 and 1583. Est...5000,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 2 reales. ND (1582-1583). Panama. B. (Proctor-2R.1B). (Cal-362). Ag. 6,68 g. A/P/II to the left, oB to the right of the shield. Very well struck considering the usual rusticity of the series. Shield, crown, and cross fully intact. Slight double striking on the reverse. Part of the legend is visible.

We are confident it will appeal to collectors of this period. Undoubtedly, it is an exceptional opportunity to acquire a specimen rarely offered publicly.

Extremely rare, with only 4 to 5 known examples. Slabbed by NGC as XF Details, Environmental damage.

In 1579, Philip II authorized the minting of silver coins in the city of Panama, establishing rules on their composition and design, including the use of the mintmark PA, with the A superimposed. Although documentation on this mint was discovered in 1952, its existence remained little known and went unnoticed by numismatists.

Recent research by J. Proctor confirmed it operated between 1580 and 1583, and that the cobs with crowned shields and the A over P mark correspond to its production.

These coins are extremely rare, with very few known specimens in all their variants. The identity of the assayers is unconfirmed, although it is suggested that Bernardino Rodríguez may have worked there in 1582–1583. Est...6000,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 2 reales. ND (1566-1588). Valladolid. A. (Cal-459). (Jarabo-Sanahuja-A1088). Ag. 6,78 g. Arms of Flanders and Tyrol transposed. Four stripes to the left, flanked by dots; oA/··II to the right. Large flan with complete legends. Rare, especially in this grade.

Slabbed by NGC as AU 55 (Top Pop), the finest known in the NGC and PCGS censuses. Est...1500,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 4 reales. ND (1572-1573). Lima. X (Xines Martínez). (Cal-497). (Sellschopp-III.PX #27). Ag. 13,09 g. P/X to the right of the shield. Well-centered specimen, though with some weakness of strike and light oxidation. Formerly attributed to Panama, it undoubtedly ranks among the rarest 4 reales issues of the Americas. No more than 6 or 7 specimens are likely known, several of them showing varying degrees of oxidation. A piece of extraordinary importance for Spanish colonial coinage and, especially, for the specialist in the earliest issues of viceregal Peru. Extremely rare.


As with lot 131, this issue belongs to the brief initial period of the Lima mint. The new coinage models were acknowledged as received in a letter dated 1 March 1572, and this shield type must have been struck for only a few months, since the mint was dismantled during 1573 for its transfer to La Plata.


The presence of the X, associated with assayer Xines Martínez, is therefore especially significant for the attribution of the piece and places it among the earliest major issues of Lima. Choice VF/VF. Est...2000,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 4 reales. ND (1572-1589). Mexico. O. (Cal-505). Ag. 13,52 g. Variant of the monarch's name in the legend on the obverse: PIIILIP(VS); with the H missing its horizontal bar.

Slabbed by NGC as AU 58. Only 2 finer specimens in the NGC and PCGS census . Est...900,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 8 reales. ND (1589-1598). Mexico. F. (Cal-664). Ag. 27,54 g. Variant of the monarch's name in the obverse legend: PIIILI (PVS) and IIISPANIARVM; where the H appears to be missing its horizontal bar. Excellent specimen, with complete shield and cross, and much of the legends clearly visible. Rare. Almost XF/Choice VF. Est...1500,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 8 reales. 1589/587. Segovia. (Cal-709). (Jarabo-Sanahuja-A437, Plate coin). Ag. 27,28 g. Overdate. Aqueduct of three arches and two flors. Reverse frame ornamented with “H” at the angles. Crown variety. Soft patina. Very rare.

Ex Tauler&Fau (29/05/2019), lot 331. XF. Est...3500,00.

Philip II (1556-1598). 8 reales. ND (ca. 1588). Sevilla. (Cal-720). (Jarabo-Sanahuja-A558). Ag. 27,24 g. Fleur-de-lis between shield and crown with roundels intercalated. Square "d" on reverse. Bold strike. Slightly toned and very attractive. Rare in this condition.

Slabbed by NGC as MS 61. Only 1 finer specimen in the NGC census. Est...800,00.